Thursday, July 19, 2007

Inter-Indonesia

19 Juli 1949. Hari ini, 58 tahun silam, digelar Konferensi Inter-Indonesia di Yoyakarta. Konferensi yang merupakan tindak lanjut dari Perjanjian Roem-Royen ini dihadiri delegasi pemerintah Republik Indonesia dan delegasi dari Bijeenkomst voor Federaal Overleg (BFO).

BFO yang didirikan di Bandung pada 29 Mei 1948 merupakan lembaga permusyawaratan dari negara-negara federal yang memisahkan dari RI. Perdana Menteri negara Pasundan, Mr. Adil Poeradiredja, dan Perdana Menteri Negara Indonesia Timur, Gde Agung, memainkan peran penting dalam pembentukan BFO.

BFO yang dibentuk di Bandung tentu saja tak bisa dilepaskan dari strategi van Mook mendirikan negara boneka di wilayah Indonesia yang dimulai sejak 1946. Beberapa negara federal yang tergabung dalam BFO masih menyisakan jejak-jejak van Mook.

Tetapi tidak berarti BFO sepenuhnya dikendalikan oleh van Mook atau Belanda. Bahkan dalam beberapa hal, BFO dan van Mook berseberangan sudut pandang. BFO yang lahir di Bandung bergerak dalam kerangka negara Indonesia yang merdeka, berdaulat dan berbentuk negara federal. BFO ingin agar badan federasi inilah yang kelak juga menaungi RI di bawah payung Republik Indonesia Serikat.

Ini berbeda titik pijak dengan van Mook yang jusrtu berharap BFO bisa menjadi pintu masuk untuk meniadakan pemerintah Indonesia, persisnya Republik Indonesia. Kegagalan mengendalikan sepenuhnya BFO inilah yang menjadi salah satu penyebab mundurnya van Mook sebagai orang yang ditunjuk oleh pemerintah Belanda guna mengusahakan kembalinya tatanan kolonial. Alasan itu menjadi penyebab Wakil Tinggi Pemerintah Belanda di Jakarta, Beel, juga mengundurkan diri dari jabatannya.

BFO ikut pula memainkan peran penting dalam membebaskan para petinggi RI yang ditangkap Belanda pada Agresi Militer II. Para pemimpin BFO mengambil sikap yang tak diduga oleh Belanda tersebut menyusul Agresi Militer II yang diangap melecehkan kedaulatan sebuah bangsa di tanah airnya. Agresi Militer II tak cuma melahirkan simpati dunia internasional, melainkan juga simpati negara-negara federal yang sebelumnya memisahkan dari RI.

Selain membahas aspek-aspek mendasar hingga teknis perencanaan membangun dan membentuk RIS, Konferensi Intern-Indonesia juga digunakan sebagai konsolidasi internal menjelang digelarnya Konferensi Meja Bundar yang dimulai pada 23 Agustus 1949.

Bagi pemerintah RI sendiri, kesediaan menggelar Konferensi Inter-Indonesia bukan semata karena ketiadaan pilihan lain yang lebih baik, melainkan juga karena pemerintah RI menganggap BFO tidak lagi sama persis dengan BFO yang direncanakan van Mook. Soekarno menyebut konferensi ini sebagai “trace baru” bagi arah perjuangan Indonesia.

Konferensi yang berlangsung hingga 22 Juli itu banyak didominasi perbincangan mengenai konsep dan teknis pembentukan RIS, terutama mengenai susunan kenegaraaan berikut hak dan kewajiban antara pemerintah pusat dengan pemerintah daerah.

Salah satu keputusan yang penting lainnya yang diambil adalah sikap BFO yang menyokong tuntutan Republik Indonesia agar Belanda dan dunia internasional mengakui kedaulatan Indonesia. Untuk itulah BFO dan pemerintah RI pada Konferensi Intern-Indonesia itu ikut merumuskan bentuk kerja sama antara RIS dengan pemerintah kerajaan Belanda.

Konsensus yang dibangun melalui Konferensi Intern-Indonesia ini menjadi modal berharga bagi pemerintah RI, terutama delegasi Indonesia yan dtunjuk untuk berunding dengan Belanda pada Konferensi Meja Bundar (KMB) di Den Haag. Keberadaan BFO dan sikap tegas Gde Agung untuk menolak intervensi Belanda membuat pemerintah Indonesia memiliki legitimasi yang makin kuat untuk berunding dengan Belanda di KMB.

Ketika KMB telah selesai, yang menghasilkan pengakuan kedaulatan bagi Indonesia dan konsensus mengenai RIS, wakil-wakil BFO dan pemerintah Indonesia kembali bertemu di Pejambon, Jakarta Pusat, pada 14 Desember 1949. Dari pertemuan inilah disepakati UUD RIS berikut struktur negara federal di lingkungan RIS.

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